Mekanisme Pengawalan Bahasa Kurang Sopan (Unparliamentary Language) di dalam Dewan Rakyat: Perspektif Perundangan
The Control Mechanism of Unparliamentary Language in the Dewan Rakyat: A Legal Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54313/journalmp.v1i.33Keywords:
Unparliamentary Language, Sexist Remarks, Dewan Rakyat, Standing Order, Ethical CodeAbstract
The frequent occurrences of unparliamentary language represent everimportant challenges in ensuring parliamentarians’ orderly conduct, particularly during debates in the House of Parliament. Sexist remarks, offensive words, personal reflections, including condescending remarks, are all deemed to be unparliamentary of which should not have a place in any legislature. This paper traces the incessant occurrences of unparliamentary language in the Dewan Rakyat, Parliament of Malaysia, notwithstanding the imposition of regulations and Speaker’s rulings against such languages. Standing Order 36(4) of the Dewan Rakyat is the principal guardian against offensive language and sexist remarks in the Dewan Rakyat. Attempts to discipline parliamentarians concerning unparliamentary language through various existing legal approach proved to no avail. Therefore, this paper analyses how unparliamentary language is restrained in other legislatures and proposes a better mechanism for dealing with the disorderly conduct of unparliamentary language in the Dewan Rakyat. Failure to impose stricter sanction over unparliamentary language utterance impaired the sanctity of Parliament and signalled to the public how a mature and healthy society should behave.
Downloads
References
Abdullah A.B., Parlimen Malaysia: Amalan dan Chara (Kuala Lumpur, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1969).
Abidin A.Z.Z. dan lain-lain, ‘Selected Speaker’s Ruling (2006-2019)’ dalam M.A.M. Yusof dan lain-lain (eds), Law, Principles and Practice in the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of Malaysia (Subang Jaya, Sweet & Maxwell, 2020).
Akta Majlis Parlimen (Keistimewaan dan Kuasa) 1952.
Aturan Urusan Mesyuarat DR 17 Disember 2020, 22.
Australian HoR Deb 5 Mei 1978, 1894-1895 <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/hansard80/hansardr80/1978-05-05/toc_pdf/19780505_reps_31_hor109.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22hansard80/hansardr80/1978-05-05/0083%22> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian Senate Deb 30 Nov 2009, 9435 <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/chamber/hansards/2009-11-30/toc_pdf/7320-5.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22chamber/hansards/2009-11-30/0610%22> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian Senate Deb 15 Mei 2002, 1631 <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansards%2F2002-05-15%2F0144;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansards%2F2002-05-15%2F0146%22> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 19 Jun 2003, 17045-6 <https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/chamber/hansardr/2003-06-19/toc_pdf/2595-2.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22chamber/hansardr/2003-06-19/0137%22> dicapai 27 Ogos 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 17 Jul 2014 <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansardr/9c18a223-4397-465e-bb44-fdddfbae3cf2/&sid=0115> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 27 Nov 2014 <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansardr/07c1718f-8e51-4958-9cc9-f8492bfb5c93/&sid=0143> dicapai 24 Ogos 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 7 Sep 2017 <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansardr/951d369a-2fe5-4c5a-b7b6-f3bbf485cb15/&sid=0097> dicapai 24 Ogos 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 5 Dis 2017 <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansardr/32a123fb-7b68-4315-aa37-273ae7bed1ad/&sid=0115> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian HoR Deb 4 Mac 2020 <https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansardr/ad5ca6c0-b47f-4462-b26c-d5271c755f99/&sid=0125> dicapai 1 September 2020.
Australian House of Representatives (HoR) Standing Orders.
Australian Senate Standing Orders.
Balakrishnan M., ‘Parliamentary Questions and Debates’ dalam Yusof M.A.M. dan lain-lain (eds), Law, Principles and Practice in the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of Malaysia (Subang Jaya, Sweet & Maxwell, 2020).
Blackburn R. dan lain-lain, Griffith and Ryle on Parliament: Functions, Practice and Procedures (2nd edn, London, Sweet & Maxwell, 2003).
Clerk of the House of Commons, Use of Unparliamentary Language (UK HC, 2012-2013, 19) <https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmproced/writev/language/p19.htm> dicapai 15 Julai 2020.
Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), Recommended Benchmarks for Codes of Conduct applying to Members of Parliament (London, CPA, 2016).
Consolidated List of Unparliamentary Expressions – 2009-2020 House of Representatives. (Canberra, Department of the House of Representatives, tidak diterbitkan).
DR Deb 23 Okt 2008, Bil. 51.
DR Deb 6 Nov 2008, Bil. 57.
DR Deb 27 Nov 2012, Bil. 68, 39.
DR Deb 24 Jun 2013, Bil. 1, 4.
DR Deb 9 Apr 2015, Bil. 20, 112-6.
DR Deb 7 Ogos 2018, Bil. 14, 41.
DR Deb 9 Ogos 2018, Bil. 16.
DR Deb 13 Jul 2020, Bil. 2.
DR Deb 14 Jul 2020, Bil. 3, 1.
DR Deb 21 Jul 2020, Bil. 7, 1.
DR Deb 11 Nov 2020, Bil. 34, 85.
Elder D.R., House of Representatives Practice (7th edn, Canberra, Department of the House of Representatives, 2018).
Gay O., ‘House of Commons Background Paper: Disciplinary and Penal Powers of the House of Commons’ (27 November 2012), House of Commons Library, dicapai 4 Januari 2020.
GOPAC, Common Ethical Principles for Members of Parliament <http://gopacnetwork.org/Docs/Common_Ethical_Principles_for_Members_of_Parliament.pdf> dicapai 17 Januari 2021.
Harris M. dan Wilson D., McGee Parliamentary Practice in New Zealand (Auckland, Oratia Books, 2017).
Hock L.K., ‘Peraturan-peraturan Majlis Mesyuarat Dewan Undangan Negeri dan Implikasinya’, (Seminar Sistem Berparlimen di Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, 1993).
House of Commons Code of Conduct approved by the House of Commons <https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmcode/1882/188201.htm> dicapai 19 Januari 2021.
Hughes G., An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul language, and ethnic slurs in the English-speaking world (London, ME Sharpe, 2006).
Ibrahim Z., ‘Kawalan dan Prosiding Dewan’ (Persidangan Speaker-speaker Dewan Parlimen dan Dewan Undangan Negeri Seluruh Malaysia kali ke-31, Kota Kinabalu, 2002).
Ismail M.Z., ‘Amalan dan Tradisi Parlimen’ (Persidangan Speaker-speaker Seluruh Malaysia kali ke-20, Kota Bharu, 1988).
___ ‘Penggantungan Ahli Dari Dewan’ (Persidangan Speaker-speaker Dewan Parlimen dan Dewan-dewan Undangan Negeri Seluruh Malaysia kali ke-32, Subang Jaya, 2003).
Jack M., Erskine May Parliamentary Practice (24th edn, Butterworths, Lexis Nexis, 2011).
McKay W. dan lain-lain, Erskine May Parliamentary Practice (23rd edn, Butterworths, Lexis Nexis, 2004).
Natzler D. dan Hutton M., Erskine May’s Treatise on The Law, Privileges, Proceedings and Usage of Parliament (25th edn, Butterworths, LexisNexis, 2019).
New South Wales Legislative Council Practice, Rules of Debate.
Odgers J.R., Odgers’ Australian Senate Practice (Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service for Department of the Senate, 1997) <https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Odgers_Australian_Senate_Practice/Chapter_10#footnote-102-backlink>.
Peraturan-peraturan Majlis Mesyuarat Dewan Rakyat.
Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
Rules of Debate, New South Wales Legislative Council Practice.
Salisbury C., ‘Mr Speaker, I withdraw...’: standards of (mis) behaviour in the Queensland, Western Australian and Commonwealth parliaments compared via online Hansard’ (2011) 1 Australasian Parliamentary Review 26, 170-1.
Select Committee on Procedure UK HC, Short speeches (Fourth Report, 1990-1991, xi).
Standing Orders House of Commons UK.
UK HC Deb 19 Jan 2012.
UK HC, Code of Conduct (2017-2019, 1474).
Usul Bahasa Kurang Sopan di dalam House of Commons, United Kingdom (13 Jun 2012) <https://edm.parliament.uk/early-daymotion/44331/unparliamentary-language> dicapai 19 Januari 2021.
Wilding N.W. dan Laundy P., An encyclopaedia of parliament (New York, FA Praeger, 1968).
Yusof M.A.M. dan lain-lain (eds), Law, Principles and Practice in the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) of Malaysia (Subang Jaya, Sweet & Maxwell, 2020).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of the Malaysian Parliament
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
